Knowledge benchmark
FrontierScience leaderboard
Every model the catalog carries a published FrontierScience value for, ranked by that value.
CategoryKnowledge
MeasureScientific reasoning benchmark
TasksResearch-level science tasks
DifficultyResearch frontier
Published byFrontierScience
A benchmark for research-level scientific reasoning, designed to separate frontier models on difficult science tasks that mix domain knowledge with deep reasoning.
FrontierScience ranking
1 model with a published FrontierScience value, ordered by that value, highest first. Models the source has not scored on this benchmark are not listed — they are unmeasured, not last.
| Rank | Model | Provider | Scientific reasoning benchmark |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  GPT-5.4 Pro | OpenAI | 36.7 |
Evidence key: Observed
Rows are ordered by the value FrontierScience published, highest first. The source does not state whether a higher value is the better result, so this page does not either: for a benchmark that measures a rate of failure, read the table from the bottom.